Over the decades, Bangladesh has experienced many language contact situations. Based on history, there are many instances of the presence of Urdu, Perso-Arabic, and Hindi (Sanskrit) words within the Bengali language. As a result, when Bangladeshi newspapers use English, there are common Bengali loanwords throughout the articles, derived from the…

This paper investigates the linguistic and semiotic resources that NGO coaches draw on to create safe spaces in their English language lessons for psycho-social support in refugee settings. We do so by applying the rapidly developing concept of translanguaging, using data from a multi-site linguistic ethnography study in an NGO in the Kurdistan…

This article presents the findings from a study on lower secondary math teaching (year 7 and 9) in a Danish school. The study is part of a larger action research project aiming at developing new ways of teaching and learning in culturally and linguistically diverse classrooms. The math teachers hypothesised that their students would be able to…

The rapid digitization of communication in the last decade, especially in social networking spaces, has contributed to radical changes in the virtual language environment in Sri Lanka. It has not only reshaped the way individuals communicate, but has also fueled the emergence of new linguistic trends that reflect the dynamic nature of language in…

Previous research has shown that language switching is costly, and that these costs are likely to persist even when speakers are given ample time to prepare. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are cognitive limitations to speakers' ability to prepare for a switch, or whether a new language can be prepared in advance and any cost…

Assessing cognitive demand is crucial for research on self-regulated learning; however, discrepancies in translating essential concepts across languages can hinder the comparison of research findings. Different languages often emphasize various components and interpret certain constructs differently. This paper aims to develop a translingual set…

Neurophysiological sentence processing studies are inconsistent about the additional costs that language switching within sentences (i.e., codeswitching) may bring about (cf. Valdes Kroff et al., 2020; Yacovone et al., 2021). There is discussion about whether there are, in fact, additional costs and, if so, about the origins of those costs, since…

This paper presents the use of translanguaging in the assessment of content subjects in the context of Nepal's higher education. Since its proposition in the 1990s, translanguaging has been receiving much scholarly attention in multilingual educational contexts. In such contexts, individuals' language practices show a shift from the understanding…

Framed within pedagogical translanguaging, this qualitative case study explored university teachers' translanguaging practices in the bilingual space in English reading instruction. Data were gathered through class observations and semi-structured interviews with four teachers instructing English reading courses in the Bachelor of Education…

The aim of this article is to investigate bilingual speech in the International Schools of Prishtina. More particularly, the focus of this article is on examining code-switching among students highly exposed to English with the latter as the medium of instruction at school in naturally-occurring conversations within school settings. Having…

While other languages can be used in English-medium instruction (EMI) classrooms, little research has been conducted on the alignment of the use of these languages with the objectives of EMI policy and how bi/multilingual practices such as translanguaging respond to the sociopolitics of EMI classrooms. This case study examined both teachers' and…

This study investigates the function and morphosyntax of English Embedded Language (EL) islands in Pashto-English bilingual data, using the Matrix Language Frame model to explore the role of the two languages in codeswitching and the pragmatic force behind the selection of EL islands. A dataset of 14 hours was collected from AVT Khyber, a YouTube…

This explanatory mixed-methods study investigated the use of bilingual students' linguistic repertoire for teaching and clarifying grammar. A repeated-measures design was used in which the quantitative data were complemented with follow-up qualitative data. Data were collected in six treatment sessions and from twenty-five all-male twelfth-grade…

This paper aims to determine the functions of hybridizing languages in the television talk show discourses in Bangladesh. Though hybridization of Bangla is harshly criticized in the media discourses for its alleged pollution of Bangla language, this linguistic practice, which seems to be rampant and pervasive in the society, is demonstrated not…

This paper analyses how teachers and toddlers enact participation frames in bidialectal early education in Limburg, the Netherlands. Teachers' language choice is often context-bound as they use the national language, Dutch, for instruction and the regional language, Limburgish, for playful or social-emotional situations with individual children.…