Racial inequities in school discipline are well-established, but most studies have examined disparities at the school or district level rather than the individual level. Examining how individual teacher characteristics relate to discipline disparities could yield important information for consultation. We utilized a sample of 300 teachers (each…

This study is the first to estimate main, mediated, and moderated relationships between policy-assigned observations and various student discipline outcomes (SDOs). We also examined the relationships between SDOs and observations conducted. The data suggest that the percentage of students who receive at least one SDO decreases as policy assigns…

This paper critically examines the systemic harm inflicted on Black students through anti-Black classroom management and disciplinary practices, positioning Pro-Blackness as a transformative framework for healing and justice. Grounded in healing justice and African Diaspora Literacy, the discussion highlights the pervasive impact of the…

Effective classroom management plans are essential for creating environments that foster appropriate social interactions and engaged learning for students in K-12 settings. New and early-career teachers often face difficulties addressing student discipline, upholding classroom rules and procedures, and establishing positive teacher-student…

Race, poverty, and gender interplay with school discipline, to make schools ancillary to the juvenile justice system (Morris and Perry 2017). Exclusionary discipline contributes to the school-to-prison nexus, a metaphor that illuminates the complex, interconnected relationship between schools and prisons (Okilwa, Khalifa, and Briscoe 2017).…

Background and context: We address the question of what computer science students take the discipline to be. How students conceive the discipline can influence whether a student pursues computer science, what particular area within computer science they focus on and whether they persist in the discipline. In this paper, we examine the epistemic…

Expulsion is unfortunately common in early childhood settings and has a negative impact on both children and caregivers. In this qualitative U.S. study, we conducted semi-structured interviews to learn about caregivers' experiences with early childhood expulsion. We analyzed the data using a trauma-informed lens to examine how the experience of…

The rapid shift to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic introduced both challenges and opportunities for effective classroom management. This review explores 20 empirical studies published between 2021 and 2025, examining how educators have adapted to the virtual learning environment. The findings highlight key strategies that contribute…

This report presents the findings from the National Behaviour Survey (NBS) Academic Year 2023-24. The NBS is designed to provide the Department for Education with termly survey data related to pupil behaviour in state-funded primary, secondary and special schools in England collected from multiple respondent groups (school leaders, teachers,…

In "Reducing Stress in Schools," Mathew Portell, Ingrid L. Cockhren, Tyisha J. Noise, Julie Kurtz, and Julie Nicholson provide a toolkit of actionable, evidence-based practices for PreK-12 teachers, administrators, and staff to support students' and adults' nervous system regulation. Rooted in the tenets of trauma-responsive education…

Racial discipline disproportionality is a persistent issue in schools with Black students experiencing exclusionary discipline two to three times more than their White peers, and Black males more likely to be diagnosed with an emotional and behavioral disorder. Interventions that target malleable root causes of disproportionality and have an…

This study follows Mikah, an African American twice exceptional (2E-gifted and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) kindergarten boy, in a U.S. classroom over the course of an academic semester, considering the research questions: How did Mikah (a pseudonym), age 5, experience microaggression in kindergarten? How were the…