The Carnegie Classifications have played a key role in shaping higher education, and they are foundational in a variety of research and policy uses nationwide. Over time, public perceptions of the classifications have become increasingly focused on the research designations despite efforts to expand on descriptions of other types of institutions.…

Advances in science are often associated with pre-eminent research universities. Policy makers and those who collaborate with university researchers may assume that this advantage generalizes to all types of research. This analysis explores whether this generalization applies to research in emerging disciplines. We do so by examining the…

While many acknowledge that nonprofits influence education, we know little about how many there are, where they cluster, when they emerged, and what types exist. Without empirical data, we are limited in understanding their role in education. Using data from 233,897 US nonprofits, we note 29 types grouped within three clusters: educational…

Many innovations that are implemented in schools are initially successful, but fail to become part of the schools' habits and routines. Relatively little research has followed innovations in schools for a long(er) time. In addition, few reforms last long enough to be studied longitudinally. In this exploratory study, the authors aim to find a way…

Minority-serving institutions (MSIs) are unique in their ability to support the educational advancement of students of color. Approximately one in five postsecondary institutions are eligible for funding under an MSI designation, yet more than half of all undergraduate students of color are enrolled in such colleges and universities. However,…

Higher education institutions increasingly live in environments in which they are subject to evaluation and rankings. We examine the way in which Italian (mostly public) universities adapted to the new landscape created by the official research assessments, which have produced rankings at national level, published in 2013 and 2016. We compare the…

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of academic digital archives on scholarship and university status. Digital archives have played roles in strengthening scholarly research and developing innovative fields of study. This is especially prevalent in the rise of digital humanities and making work available through digital libraries and…

Is the ideal of a one-size-fits-all university model--where universities are capable of successfully performing all competencies simultaneously--ever achievable? Has the balance between teaching and research activities grown even more fragile or is such a balance unfeasible? In this paper, we review studies of institutional diversity in higher…

Classifications are a basic tool for research, which allow summarizing the diversity of objects in a number of categories that fits the cognitive abilities of the human mind. Their relevance for higher education is emphasized by the differentiation of institutional profiles. Yet, unlike in the US, there is currently no classification of European…

Background/Context: Virtual tutoring has grown significantly as a personalized learning tool, especially in response to the academic disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. While out-of-school virtual tutoring has demonstrated moderate to large positive effects on student learning (0.20-0.40 SDs; Carlana and La Ferrara, 2024; Deacon and…

Previous research on issues of social equity in funding distributions across institutions of higher education has pointed to reputation and administrative capacity biases in peer reviews of proposals, among other concerns. Further research is needed to identify what contributes to perceived biases and enables institutions to signal competitiveness…

Researchers consider a high level of institutional diversity in a higher education system as a strength. While the literature considers key elements of diversity, existing research fails to employ methodological approaches that balance the need for capturing the breadth and depth of similarities and differences across institutions. This article…

Rurality is known to be associated with a number of weaker educational outcomes, from lower attainment through to lower social mobility. This is why so much policy and practitioner focus has been directed at addressing the rurality gap in educational outcomes. In this paper, we use pupil-level data for Scotland to contribute to two dimensions of…

Organizational culture acts as the mortar that connects the bricks. Every institution has its own unique culture which has been adopted and shared by all employees over the years. As establishment stories, ways of doing business, and communication styles change, culture also adopts itself to these in a way that is specific to that organization.…

The undergraduate economics curricula for most of the 793 U.S. colleges and universities that conferred an economics bachelor's degree in 2019 are described in this article. Besides updating the prevalence of the economics major core requirements and their differences by institution type, the authors record new information on requirement…