Examines achievement in individually competitive and cooperatively reward-structured environments during a seven-week class period. Reports no differences between the two treatment groups at posttest. (Author/YP)

A heterogeneous sixth grade class was divided into six competitive teams. Team members' individual grades were averaged to determine the day's winning team, which was rewarded with special privileges. Student enthusiasm and achievement improved. (SJL)

The effects of interpersonal cooperation, competition, and individualistic efforts were compared on a categorization and retrieval, a spatial-reasoning, and a verbal problem-solving task. Forty-five first-grade children were stratified on the basis of sex and ability. Students in the cooperative condition achieved best. (Author/CTM)

The Learning Preference Scale-Students (LPSS) was developed with 1,643 Sydney, Australia, pupils. Internal consistency, test-retest stability, subscale intercorrelations, and factor analysis show that the LPSS has considerable promise as a valid and reliable instrument. Results showed clear and significant sex differences in preferences for grades…

All students must be as active as possible during physical education tournaments. Several activities that can keep students busy and learning during their down times include wall or court practice, written or skills tests, self-analysis from videotape, instructional videotape viewing, formally assessing opponents, and officiating another match.…

Pittsburgh High School students cooperated with or competed against partners of same or opposite race. As hypothesized, achievement behavior of internally oriented Blacks was more influenced by partner's race and task expectancies than that of Whites. Internal Blacks achieved best when competing against Whites or cooperating with other Blacks.…

These digests provide information for educators about the nature of cooperation and how cooperative principles can be used to restructure classrooms, administrative hierarchies, and work relationships of all types. Digest 1 describes the competitive, individual, and cooperative interaction patterns and examines the impact of cooperative learning…