Visual activity schedules (VASs) are an effective, efficient intervention designed to promote positive language and behavioral development for elementary students with and at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). However, VAS design and implementation varies widely in the extant research, prohibiting the ease of implementation in…

Suggests steps for facilitating the integration of students with emotional or behavioral disorders into the regular music classroom. Recommends easing mainstreaming by: (1) setting up systematic placement procedures; (2) providing adequate classroom structure; (3) "generalizing" programs used in special education; and (4) attending to the…

This study found that behaviorally disordered adolescents (n=183) in six special schools perceived lower order and organization and higher teacher control than did normal students in traditional classes. Student satisfaction with school was related to greater levels of perceived involvement, affiliation, and teacher support for the special…

Reviews literature on classroom environment from 1980 onward. Emphasizes elementary settings and students with behavioral deficits. Discusses structure and organization of classrooms, the cognitive process, student and teacher characteristics, and student outcomes. Concludes that research has shifted from cognitive outcomes in the classroom to…