Classroom management is defined as the organization of the classroom as a learning environment; the management of student discipline, order, and care; the grouping of students for different tasks and patterns of interaction; and the individualization of student learning. This paper reports on two Swedish case studies of contrasting classroom…

Offers 12 steps for increasing students' self-directedness and "time on task" in the classroom and displays the positive results of a recent study in an unspecified California high school that examined the effects of individualized inclass "calendars" designed to meet the needs of various types of students. (JBM)

Analyzes a case of a struggling student writer who was not helped by good classroom techniques. Proposes that for educators to help struggling writers, they need to focus on both the student and the activity system within which the student works. Concludes that educators need to take account of: teachers' and children's ideas; organization for…