Continued research on the first-year experience of African American male students entering institutions of higher learning is necessary and can provide a deeper look at institutional and individual factors that African American male students may encounter, and impact their academic success. Understanding the issues that affect African American…

Poor communication with clients, role clashes with cottage youth leaders, and excessive limitations imposed by institution administrators characterized problems of an institution for juveniles which caused disillusionment of social workers. Nevertheless, some social workers succeeded in establishing rapport with clients and developing programs…