A biographical sketch of William Robert Ware, founder of the architectural schools at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Columbia, is presented. After a review of Ware's educational background, focus is on Ware's concept of architectural education. A review of Ware's publications and contemporaries follows. (PHR)

Architectural history is seen as one means of readjusting value systems, which can then be used by following generations. A number of creative architects are discussed who have used history in constructive new ways to enrich the content of their buildings and critical writings. (MLW)

A biographical sketch of John Galen Howard, founder of the Department of Architecture at the University of California at Berkeley, is presented. Howard's conservative outlook and idealistic nature are examined and his influence on the curriculum at the university is traced. (PHR)

A biographical sketch of William Wilson Wurster, dean of the Department of Architecture at the University of California at Berkeley, is presented. Tracing Wurster's early education and work, Wurster's belief that architecture was for people is illustrated. His influence on the curriculum, not only at the University of California but elsewhere, is…

The need for a fundamental sense of people in architectural practice and pedagogy is expressed by three architecture professors from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The word "client," a historically and socially specific concept with which to discuss the issues of people-oriented architecture, is defined. (MLW)

The nature of design problems presented to students and the balance of concerns represented are essential elements of curriculum strategy. Education should build, not just transmit, knowledge, organizing information about the built environment, its natural ecologies, acts of inhabitation within it, and the opportunities for thoughtful speculation…

In architectural education the critical educational issue is how to overcome the student's internal struggle between the divergent pulls of "pure" design and applied technology. Examples of two successful approaches--including design in lecture courses and installing computer terminals in studio--are provided. (MLW)

A comparative study was undertaken at the School of Architecture, University of British Columbia, to explore the effective teaching and integration of energy principles in design. Two methods were examined: the structure of a design studio, and a change in the emphasis of a theory course. (MLW)

A tracing of changing architectural trends in this country, an examination of the effects of individuals on the architecture of the times, is presented. Examples of French architecture illustrate the concept, and the value of architectural research and scholarship is stressed. (PHR)

"Working Paper 1" is the first publication of the Center for Advanced Research in Urban and Environmental Affairs of Columbia University's Graduate School of Architecture and Planning. It sets out the results of a year-long study made by the Center of the Christopher Street Federal Archive Building, an important landmark of New York's…

It is necessary to understand how the people of Nigeria have created spaces appropriate in their lifestyles before designing architecture for the specifics of the diverse cultures in the country. Only by understanding why Nigerians live as they do can relevant spaces be developed for them. (MLW)

An introductory architectural history course that compares basic institutional building types produced by different cultures in the past is described. The focus is on understanding that form and use are reflective of the various meanings associated with such types from one time to another and from one civilization to another. (MLW)

Examples are presented that give a rough outline of the importance of messages symbolized in civic public buildings. Such messages can invite people into a building or help hold them out; speak about a local government being democratic or bureaucratic; suggest that one city thinks education is important or that another city uses schools for…

The course developed and offered at Clark University over the past five years is a first exposure to architecture for the general liberal arts student. It uses historical examples wherever appropriate but emphasis is on the direct involvement of the students in the experience and design of architecture. (LBH)

The Environmental Control Systems (ECS) Structures Joint Project, developed by faculty of the University of Oregon's Department of Architecture, is discussed. The intent of the project was an educational summary of two technical courses that would establish the relationship of environmental control systems and structures to design. (MLW)