There are racial and ethnic disparities in use of out-of-school suspensions within the United States. The present study assessed for the presence of disproportionate suspension by race, special education status, and receipt of free or reduced cost meals using two separate metrics (risk ratios and raw differential representation); evaluated…

This paper examines poverty's impact on student physical health, socioemotional health, and the brain. Further, although children spend only 20 percent of their time in school, this paper examines the school's role in student development, as well as proposes effective policies and programs that go beyond the classroom.

Parents of children in public elementary schools in New York City are given basic information about school policies and practices in this English/Spanish guide. Topics covered include: (1) ancillary school services such as transportation, breakfast and lunch programs, and school health services; (2) Board of Education policy on homework, tests,…