Introduces the topic of this special issue of the journal--linguistic construction and negotiation of social relations among bilingual Turkish-speaking adolescents in North-western Europe. The studies included focus on Turkish-German bilinguals and the Koge project in Denmark, a longitudinal study of bilingual development among Turkish Danes.…

Traces the development of two innovative and successful in-service teacher education programs to prepare teachers to incorporate bilingual instruction (Castilian-Catalan) in Catalonia. Both of the short-term, transitory programs have reinforced the importance of regional language as well as provided an intermediate solution to the long-term need…

Highlights the bilingual aspects of social interaction in a group of four Danish-Turkish students engaged in creating a cartoon strip. In-depth analysis of a 45-minute session reveals some organizational features of the group's work. (Author/VWL)

Explores the problems and procedures of producing test norms for bilingual populations. The difficulty encountered in defining subpopulations for separate test norm production and empirical classification is considered, and four practical solutions are detailed: school classification, person classification, test score classification, and language…

Approaches the linguistic setting of a European inner-city, an area with a long history of migration from a sociological and linguistic perspective. After a qualititative-heuristic approach and conversation analysis, presents a description of sociolingual conditions and the process of their transformation. (Author/VWL)

Studies language contact and language shift among different generations of Japanese immigrants in Brazil. The social factors involved in the abandonment of the ethnic (Japanese) code is considered. Results indicate that, typically, ethnic identity switch is accompanied by mother tongue replacement with Portuguese by the third generation.…

This paper reports the language use of some 400 mothers in North Wales. Factors associated with language use are examined, including cross-language partnerships, past educational medium, and situation. (25 references) (JL)

Proposes four different operationalizations of the basic hypothesis of politeness theory, ranging from the possibility that linguistic choices are determined by social norms to one allowing considerable freedom of choice for individual language users. Reports on a questionnaire carried out with adolescents in two urban multicultural areas:…

Introduces some of the factors that have facilitated the standardization process and the concomitant deterioration of the Ryukyuan vernacular languages in southern Japan, and points out that present patterns of language use in the area suggest the language death of Ryukyuan and the society's impending shift to monolingualism in Standard Japanese.…

This paper deals with the acquisition of a third language (English) and its relationship to psychosocial and socioeducational variables in a bilingual educational context, the Basque country. Subjects were 321 secondary school students from 2 linguistic programs: models A (Spanish, vehicular language) and D (Basque, vehicular language). Subjects…

Discusses accounts of events and pressures influencing the British government's Welsh Office to set up the "Council for the Welsh Language," and reviews the council's composition, tasks, and achievements. Findings indicate that the council was even-handed in its promotion of activities to support Welsh and satisfied the middle ground of…

Presents a study of mixed language use within the frame of interactional sociolinguistics by looking at how adolescents of Turkish background living in Germany have developed their own patterns of bilingualism. Analyzes transcripts of Turkish-German mixed speech and shows that the switching and mixing oscillates between local sequential functions…

Analyzes conversation 501 from the Koge (Denmark) project for the four adolescents speakers' use of five to six different language varieties. Code choice patterns are shown to function in a range of ways. Suggests the multifaceted behavior of the Turkish-Danish adolescents is languaging, which is in principle what other human beings do.…

The language development of a Finnish-English bilingual child was studied, with focus on the relationship between the developmental patterns of language loss in bilingual situations and the variations in input factors, including social, emotional, and attitudinal factors. Findings suggest the importance of linguistic input outside the home. (17…

Provides information on the educational system in the Basque Country and insight into the Basque Country and Basque language and the reverse language shift efforts made to date. Suggests that the effects of bilingualism and immersion programs are beneficial in the Basque context. (Author/VWL)