Monkeys exposed to stress inoculation protocols early in life subsequently exhibit diminished neurobiological responses to moderate psychological stressors and enhanced cognitive control of behavior during juvenile development compared to non-inoculated monkeys. The present experiments extended these findings and revealed that stress inoculated…

Background: Limitations of general psychiatric services have led to the development of specialised psychiatric programmes for patients with intellectual disability (ID) and mental health needs. Few studies have examined treatment outcomes of specialised inpatient units, and no studies have explored how the effects of intervention may differ for…

Relations between infant-mother attachment security at 15 months and infants' (N = 206) joint attention behaviors (a) with an experimenter at 8 and 15 months, and (b) with their mothers at 15 months were investigated. No concurrent or longitudinal relations were observed between attachment security and infants' tendency to respond to an…

This report is a review of Olson's "Cognitive Development." Unlike a typical book review it does not compare and contrast the author's theoretical framework and methodological practices with those of others in the field, but rather it extensively describes and critiques the reported empirical work. The reasons given for this approach are that…

Concludes that linguistic and visual-linguistic training sessions do not increase children's ability to comprehend reversible passive sentences. (MH)

The present research investigated whether 13.5-month-old infants would attribute to an actor a disposition to perform a recurring action, and would then use this information to predict which of two new objects--one that could be used to perform the action and one that could not--the actor would grasp next. During familiarization, the infants…

Background: Few studies have investigated functional and behavioural variables of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) in a large sample of individuals. The aim of this study is to provide greater insight into the clinical, behavioural and cognitive characteristics that are associated with CdLS. Methods: In total, 56 individuals with CdLS…

This paper discusses the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the relationship between cognitive abilities and behavioral competencies in elderly institutional residents. The former was assessed by an array of five cognitive measures: two Piagetian tasks, Set Test, WAIS Vocabulary and Digit Span subtests, and the WMS Associate Learning subtest;…

Aspects of Piaget's theory were applied in the studies reported which examine two aspects of children's information processing of television commercials--selection of information and cognitive processing of information. Children's selection of information was indexed in terms of patterns of attention to television commercials in the natural…

Attempts to identify personality characteristics of low-accuracy and high-accuracy perceivers of others' qualities in a population of graduate students in counselor training. (KS)

The working-memory functions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are improved by stimulation of postsynaptic, [alpha]2A-adrenoceptors, especially in aged animals with PFC cognitive deficits. Thus, the [alpha]2A-adrenoceptor agonist, guanfacine, greatly improves working-memory performance in monkeys and rats following systemic administration or…

Presents an experiment showing that naive trainers tend to allow factors such as task difficulty and competence of the trainee to affect the kind of reinforcement administered. Bibliography, tables, and graphs. (JB)