Formal education in Iran, especially higher education, has been a means to smoothen the road to social mobility, provide good jobs, and boost people's earnings. Now, being a university graduate and remaining unemployed is regarded as a challenge. In addition, governments consider this new unemployment a threat to their legitimacy. It seems that…

Studies of executive function (EF) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have reported mixed findings. Possible confounds include EF domain assessed and co-occurring neurodevelopmental diagnoses. EF task performance across multiple domains and everyday function of autistic adults (n = 110) was significantly different to age- and IQ-matched controls (n…

Home-based intervention services for emotionally disturbed youth are also commonly known as in-home services, family-centered services, family-based services, intensive family services, or family preservation services. They have developed as a way to deal with serious family problems that often result in the removal of a child or adolescent from…

Looks at schools that serve children whose problems in learning and behavior mark them as marginal students. Identifies "cultural imperatives" by observing curriculum domains emphasized in "special" and largely separate school programs. Notes that increasing numbers of special programs have become highly disjointed and inefficient in schools and…

Theoretical review provides psychologists with stronger etiological explanations for problematic behaviors they encounter in schools. Considers theory of gene-environment correlation to explain how behavior patterns can become more stable over life span and diathesis-stress theory to clarify how environment interacts with behavioral dispositions…

This paper describes the application of a systems approach model to assessing families with a labeled noncompliant child. The first section describes and comments on the applied methodology for the model. The second section describes the classification of 61 families containing a child labeled by the family as noncompliant. An analysis of data…

There are four general approaches to treatment for the symptomatic child. In individual child psychotherapy, the child is seen alone and play therapy is often utilized to help the child become aware of his feelings and express them more appropriately. In conjoint parent-child psychotherapy and counseling, the child is seen together with one…

Presents a five-level taxonomy classifying counseling problems in hierarchical order. Each level is composed of inappropriate behaviors, cognitions, or expectations. Discusses interrelated characteristics which decrease from the highest to the lowest level. Gives an example of the use of the taxonomy. (Author/RC)

Mental illness has far-reaching effects on other family members although family impact of mental illness has not received much attention from sociologists. Applies an illness behavior perspective to the study of family burden, reviews knowledge, and invites research by defining a number of issues, substantive and methodological, that need to be…

Describes prospective longitudinal studies that pertain to stability, developmental pathways, and long-term outcome for conduct problems and hyperactivity. Reviews treatment outcome studies for these problems with at least one year of follow-up data. Discusses implications of longitudinal research for diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of…

Discusses the changes that have led to better services for families whose children have emotional and behavioral problems. Presents principles of family support developed by members of a national family organization and provides program examples and an in-depth description of the innovative Finger Lakes Family Support Project in New York State.…

Reviews the clinical conditions and medications used with children who have emotional and behavioral problems including hyperactivity, enuresis, anxiety, depression, mental retardation, and Tourette's Syndrome. Discusses the role of the social worker, ethical issues, and training needs. (JAC)

Describes the theory of self-defeating behaviors and discusses the theory's relevance for treatment of families' systems dysfunctions. Presents a case study illustrating the theory's application in a family systems approach for counselors. (RC)

Cases are presented to illustrate the effects of these dysfunctional attitudes and therapeutic approaches toward them. Cognitive, behavioral, and dynamically oriented interventions are presented which have been effective when a child's difficulties result from his acting in accordance with the family's attitude toward learning. (Author)

This paper addresses the task of the family therapist who is called upon when remediation attempts between school and family fail to produce favorable results with a child identified as a problem pupil. The job of the therapist in dismantling the system that is detrimental to the child and reorganizing one that enhances development is discussed…