Interpretation of experimental tasks is influenced by knowledge of the language used, by assessment of what the experimenter intends, and by how subjects themselves would normally represent the physical situation. Whether these processes in which children engage in cognitive studies differ from those employed by adults in similar tasks was…

TO DETERMINE HOW COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS ABOUT RULES OF BEHAVIOR AFFECT THE POSITION AND ROLE OF TEACHERS, INFORMATION ABOUT THE NORMATIVE STRUCTURE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS WAS GAINED THROUGH USE OF ROLE NORM INVENTORIES ADMINISTERED TO 367 TEACHERS, 22 PRINCIPALS, 7 SCHOOL BOARD MEMBERS, THE SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENT, 603 CITIZENS, 56 COMMUNITY LEADERS,…

National surveys of teenagers have provided information for making decisions about smoking prevention programs. Repeated surveys are necessary because smoking patterns change over time. The prevalence of adolescent smoking and the variables related to it were investigated as well as the potential utility of those variables in predicting habitual…

Because studies have shown that educators need to become more aware of the effects of stress upon their students, this guide presents basic information about stress and anxiety in children from infancy to adolescence. Experiences are provided through which students can learn to deal more effectively with stress, together with definitions of the…

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of different tasks on behavior in mother-child interactions. Five tasks, varying in degree of structure and difficulty, were used in mothers' interactions with their children at 24 and 36 months of age. Subjects were Mexican-American mothers and their children. All were participants in an…

To gauge the effect that different cultural attitudes and child-rearing practices may have on the development of empathy, the Feshbach and Roe Affective Situational Test for Empathy was administered to 64 Greek city children and to 60 Greek rural children, all aged six to seven. The empathic responses of the Greek children were compared to those…

This report is comprised of papers written for the 1976 conference of the National Association for Physical Education of College Women. The central theme of the conference was changing trends in physical education for women, how they influence the teaching of physical education in college, and their impact on attitudes toward women in sports. (JD)

The teacher inservice program described here is intended to familiarize the participant with the behavioral and learning characteristics of classroom children who have specific learning disabilities. Subjects covered include visual and auditory perception and learning; remediation of specific language, reading, and writing problems; and motor and…

Body movements and facial expressions of males and females in a restaurant setting were examined, with the goal of providing differences in frequency as a function of age and sex. The subjects (N-197 males and N=131 females) were seated in three Seattle fast food restaurants and were selected on a semi-random basis and then observed for three…

The effects of a program designed to generate self-maintenance of resident living areas and increase self-initiated activities among older adults were investigated. Subjects (N=22) were rewarded with paper tokens which could be exchanged for personal items upon completion of cleaning and maintenance. They were observed as to the quantity and type…

Microethnographic techniques are used to study and describe the salient aspects of the social competence acquired by children in a kindergarten or first-grade classroom. The role of the school and the teacher in the socialization process is examined through investigation of both verbal and nonverbal communication and interaction patterns. (LH)

Criteria are established for a definition of "clinical supervision" and the effectiveness of such supervisory programs in a student teaching context are considered. Two differing genres of clinical supervision are constructed: "supervision by pattern analysis" is contrasted with "supervision by performance objectives." An outline of procedural…

A content analysis conducted in two successive years of family role structures and family role interaction patterns of U.S. television families constituted a role-by-role behavior description of family verbal interaction, classified within directional categories of going toward, going against, or going away. All family-role interactions, whether…

The educational process and passionate intensity are forces that are often at odds in society. Passionate intensity is a force that introduces turmoil and threatens those social processes that depend on reason and independent thought. In contrast, the educational process seeks to develop coping skills to limit dependence on others and promote…

One hundred and thirty-six 5- and 6-year-olds participated in this study, which investigated the extent to which cooperative, trusting behavior could be demonstrated between Mexican-American, Negro, and Anglo-American children. Also considered were some of the basic variables which were important in the development of such behavior. Similar and…