Assessed the predictability of friendship participation and quality, and of popularity, of 154 children 8 to 12 years of age. Found intergenerational similarities between qualities of mothers' and children's friendships. Results suggest domain-specific parental influences, including marital status, on children's friendships. (DR)

Reliability and validity of the Risk Behavior Assessment, a questionnaire evaluating drug use and sexual human immunovirus risk behavior through self-reports, were studied with 218 drug users who also provided urine samples. Overall, self-reports of drug use and sexual behavior were reliable. (SLD)

Uses Youth Cohort Study III data to explore the influences on (British) young peoples' attitudes toward school, their truancy behavior, and their examination performance at age 16. Higher parental income significantly affects academic performance. Adverse attitudes are closely related to absenteeism. Unfavorable attitudes and truancy both…

This paper considers key properties of behavioral phenotypes of mental retardation syndromes, including within-syndrome variability and between-syndrome similarities and qualitative differences. The "new genetics" research requires combining data from three strategies: (1) a psychiatric approach, (2) psychometric methods, and (3) syndrome-specific…

Because of the influence of feminism, most of the treatment models for victims of child sexual abuse are aimed at meeting the needs of women. The distinctions between male and female ways of resolving issues are used to discuss the challenges faced by clinicians working with male victims. (JPS)

Examines the relation of coping to adherence among 57 hemodialysis patients. As predicted, coping efforts involving planful problem solving were associated with more favorable adherence when used in response to stressors involving a relatively controllable aspect of the hemodialysis context. For less controllable stressors, coping efforts…

Examined the role of maternal coping and control beliefs in the development of coping and locus of control in their adolescent children. Found that maternal coping effects form a base for the form and character of adolescent coping but that maternal coping rather than maternal locus of control influenced development of adolescent control. (AP)

Analysis of behavior on an electronic social space (electronic bulletin boards) revealed complex linages in which a few types of behaviors occurred most frequently. Interpretation indicates that cross-cultural implications for end-user computing involve practical considerations relating to three types of adaptation: technological, work, and…

This paper considers 168 child fatalities due to house fires in Scotland. It concludes that the fires were largely a direct result of adult activities, including behavior patterns involving alcohol and inadequate child supervision. (DB)

For 418 subjects aged 12 to 21 years, identity development was strongly and consistently related to egocentrism, while perceived parental behavior accounted for little additional variance. Results also clarify differences between the Adolescent Egocentrism Scale and the Imaginary Audience Scale. (SLD)

Data from the primary caretakers of 20,505 children in the National Incidence Study of Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Throwaway Children illustrate the influence of parents' own childhood running-away experiences on their children's behavior. The importance of intergenerational transmission factors is illustrated. (SLD)

Recent experimental research is synthesized to identify distinctive biobehavioral characteristics of Down's Syndrome persons across their lifespan. It is argued that educational and other intervention programs have not demonstrated strong gains having significant durability or generalization. Recommended is an interactionist function-structure…

This study examined the recreational patterns of 33 individuals with an intellectual handicap. Results of the New Zealand study indicated that the overall profile tended to be similar to the population in general. Some gender differences in activity participation were observed. The role of the New Zealand Society for the Intellectually Handicapped…

Presents a model of four factors differentiating significant from routine research--behavioral patterns of problem formulation, economic analyses of information seeking, psychological schemes of optimal effort, and basic dilemmas of the theory-practice gap. Within this context, four myths dominating the research process in library and information…

Examines interorganizational behavior patterns that may beset project establishment, drawing on the experiences of an anonymous developing nation struggling to initiate an educational project approved by the World Bank. Results show that the behavior of participating organizations can influence the decision-making process during project…