A review of the literature indicates that measures of the McClelland-Atkinson need-Achievement (nAch) construct are weak in terms of both reliability and validity. The most serious weakness of the model's validity is the lack of evidence for the hypothesized positive relationship between nAch and performance. In addition, the inverse relationship…

Forty-eight preschool children were run under a classical conditioning paradigm in which some neutral stimuli were repeatedly associated with an adult matching the behavior of the subject, and other neutral stimuli were associated with the same adult mismatching the behavior of the subject. Preference for the stimuli associated with being matched…

Comparisons between observed behaviors of fathers in a structured interaction situation with their five-year-old daughters and their reported behaviors as obtained from an interview are studied. Several consistencies and some differences were found. Consistencies occurred more often in fathers' helping and demanding behaviors, as well as in their…

A summary of current theoretical work in the area of concept formation is presented with emphasis on the presentation of thinking in theory. Examination of the logic relating thinking to behavior leads to criticism of the tendency to subordinate "behavior" to underlying processes. The difficulties inherent in analyses of this type are that…

The observed inability of individuals to respond appropriately to persons in trauma is described. Nine different categories of inappropriate responses are identified. A discussion is presented of the counselor's responsibility to model appropriate responses and to educate others to respond appropriately to the public. (Author)

What individuals do during their leisure time in an age-segregated community is often determined by what is provided. Planners of leisure services play a direct role in determining what people do during their leisure time. (JD)

In this study of 47 gay men, it was found that early sexual fantasies preceded interpersonal sexual experience by an average of four years and functioned as a source of self-knowledge. Current affectional and fantasy themes were related to respondents' lifestyles or desire for a male affectional relationship. (Author/WI)

Reports on an initial inquiry into children's compliant response inhibition, their tendencies to accomplish and maintain the inhibition of an attractive activity upon the request of an adult socialization agent. (Author/MP)

This paper analyzes the decisions and experiences of 52 academics from four universities who agreed to retire early because of increased annulities or substantial lump-sum severance payments. Only one respondent was dissatisfied with his decision to retire early; 73 percent were very satisfied. (Author)

Hirschi and Hindelang's (1977) causal model in which IQ is linked to delinquency by a set of school-related variables is examined, using Costner's multiple indicator procedure. (Author)

Autobiographical case studies of two male-to-female transsexuals reveal a pattern of strong female identity, lesbian sexual-affectional preference and feminist value orientation. For both informants there is evidence of social concern and activism from an early age, which led them to perceive their gender dilemmas in a political and personal way.…

Frequency of tomboyism was assessed in two samples, one of junior-high girls, the other of adult women. It was concluded that tomboyism is statistically quite common and there is little indication that it is abnormal. (Author)

This paper examines political behavior among two samples of Mexican-American elderly. The findings show that the Mexican-American elderly have relatively low rates of political activity and a sense of efficacy. Factors leading to this political behavior--fear, lack of communication, socioeconomic status--are discussed. (Author)

Politically alienated elderly include those feeling inefficacious and others who are cynical. Yet cynics hold favorable attitudes toward voting and regularly cast ballots. The inefficacy and cynicism associated with political conservatism reflect pre-New Deal educational norms and political orientation. (Author)