Discusses the importance of documenting training efforts. The article describes several measurements and indicators of skill levels and the need to identify the set of behaviors that reflect the desired attitudes. It also discusses setting up rewards for employees whose on-the-job behavior conforms to the behaviors that reflect quality…

Treatment involving verbal reprimands, physical restraint, response interruption, and positive practice overcorrection resulted in rapid and dramatic decreases in the levels of pica and self-stimulation of a 4-year-old profoundly retarded girl. (CL)

The purpose of this article is to facilitate a clearer understanding of both the concept of self-efficacy and its relevance for health education research and practice. Self-efficacy is first defined and distinguished from other related concepts. Next, studies of the self-efficacy concept as it relates to health practices are examined. (Author/CT)

The authors review research on techniques to change social behavior, ranging from relatively simple manipulations of antecedent and consequent conditions to complex instructional "packages" involving didactic, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback procedures and examine issues involved in generalization of social skills training as well as ethical…

Investigated teachers' ratings of acceptability (i.e., whether psychological treatment is appropriate for a given problem), for positive and reductive behavioral interventions. Established that acceptability ratings varied with severity of target behavior, less time-consuming interventions were rated as more acceptable, and mean acceptability…

Demonstrated a set of research techniques that combine multidimensional scaling, a quantitative cognitive procedure, and a cost-outcome analysis to study subgroup behavior of obsessive-compulsives (N=12). Results indicated that obsessive-compulsives are underinclusive in their evaluation of stimuli during judgment task. (LLL)

Training for six behaviorally handicapped preschoolers consisted of initial instructions, modeling, and behavioral rehearsal, followed by teacher prompts and praise regarding sharing directly in a classroom free play period. Introduction of training in a multiple baseline design across three pairs of children resulted in substantial increases in…

In "Brighter Beginnings for Teachers," Pullen identifies the issues that send teachers screaming from the profession, including the primary problem of behavior management. The U.S. Department of Education reports that 30?50% of teachers quit the profession within the first 5 years, and that lack of preparation in classroom management is the…

Two case studies are presented in which contingency contracting, a form of behavior modification, was successfully used to increase school attendance. The author delineates four positive aspects of this approach: (1) it is economical; (2) responsibility is placed on the student; (3) parents can be included in the contract, giving them some…

Unemployment is seen as unadaptive behavior, and its antecedent conditions are examined. Behavioral counseling tactics of goal setting, contingency management, counterconditioning procedures, and social systems intervention are considered in relation to the employment counselor's repertoire of potential helping responses. A hypothetical case is…

A university laboratory school counselor was consulted by a fourth grade teacher in order to resolve disruptive classroom behaviors of one student who did not stay seated and spoke without permission. A behaviorial approach was employed and the study illustrates how the counselor can be effective as a consultant. (Author)

Compared effectiveness of two counseling approaches in increasing the frequency of verbal assertive responses. A homogeneous sample of students was divided into matched pairs and randomly assigned to the social learning and behavior rehearsal treatments and to a control group. Results indicated that the treatment groups produced significantly more…

Comment on article by Ray E. Hosford in same issue. Supports Hosford in general, but indicates limitations such as the lack of integration, lack of a plan for psychodiagnosis, and failure to translate more of the psychological theory into a set of concrete guidelines for use in counseling. (Author)

The author answers Jere E. Brophy's criticisms of a previous paper on the usefulness of behavior analysis for improving classroom teaching and learning. Briefly discusses the issues of control of student behavior, individual versus group learning, and behavior analysis versus traditional classroom management methods. (Author/MJL)