Teachers of students exhibiting behavioral deficits and excesses should focus on direct teaching of acceptable behavior, but this often does not occur because of teachers' feeling more comfortable teaching academic skills, paucity of curriculum materials, and such trends as minimum competency testing. Behavioral and cognitive approaches to…

Examined 91 older adults initially diagnosed as in episode of major depressive disorder who were treated with brief cognitive, behavioral, or psychodynamic psychotherapy. Using research diagnostic criteria, 52 percent, 58 percent, and 70 percent of sample did not meet criteria for depressive disorder at posttherapy, 12- and 24-month…

Results of this study indicate that the cognitive behavior modification technique of self-instruction is effective and appropriate as a means of improving the basal reading academic task performance of first-grade children (N=57) in a school setting. (IAH)

Examined preferred professional treatment approach at residential treatment center for socially and emotionally maladjusted girls. Clinical, school, and dormitory staff completed questionnaires on psychoanalytic, person-centered, and cognitive-behavioral therapies. Found no significant differences among three groups for each therapy model.…

Performed a meta-analysis on 18 studies in which a cognitive-behavioral therapy was compared with the same therapy supplemented by hypnosis. Results indicated that hypnosis substantially enhanced treatment outcome, even though there were few procedural differences between the hypnotic and nonhypnotic treatments. Effects seemed particularly…

Examined effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral interventions to help adolescent boys cope with stress and other forms of negative emotional arousal. Compared nine boys in cognitive intervention group, eight boys in anxiety management training group, and eight controls. Compared to controls, both intervention groups showed significant reductions in…

Randomly assigned depressed family caregivers (n=66) of frail elderly relatives to 20 sessions of cognitive-behavioral (CB) or brief psychodynamic (PD) individual psychotherapy. At posttreatment, 71% of caregivers were no longer clinically depressed, with no differences found between two treatments. Found interaction between treatment modality and…

Compared effects of token reinforcement, cognitive behavior modification, and direct instruction on learning-disabled elementary school students' mathematics skills. Treatment was provided to 94 students for 4 weeks in daily 1-hour sessions. Significant differential gain between treatment and direct instruction groups in achievement test scores…

Gathered data on Canadian university counselors' (n=80) preferred theoretical orientation and their ranking of three most influential counselors/psychotherapists. Results indicated sample was predominantly eclectic in theoretical orientation, with person-centered and cognitive-behavioral orientations in second and third places. Rogers, Beck, and…

Notes that most individuals who receive treatment for alcohol or other drug problems fail to maintain abstinence. Sees it as essential that school counselors be aware of relapse prevention strategies and use these strategies proactively when adolescents complete treatment. Discusses strategies, adapted from work using cognitive-behavioral…

Notes limitations of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). Suggests that should these weaknesses be addressed, teachers of critical thinking would do well to incorporate REBT into their critical thinking courses. Relates that A. Ellis has suggested that the future of REBT is in integrating it into the educational curriculum as a way of…

Decades of research have generally shown that being more rigid is associated with poorer mental health. We investigated whether all aspects of what has been termed "rigidity" are harmful. In particular, we hypothesized that the desire for simple structure (DSS) will not be associated with poor mental health, and in some cases might be associated…

Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for panic disorder. However, studies investigating the mechanisms responsible for improvement with CBT are lacking. The authors used regression analyses outlined by R. M. Baron and D. A. Kenny (1986) to test whether a reduction in fear of fear (FOF)…

The authors report on changes in cognitions related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 54 female survivors of sexual and nonsexual assault with chronic PTSD who completed either prolonged exposure alone or in combination with cognitive restructuring. Treatment included 9-12 weekly sessions, and assessment was conducted at pretreatment,…

Oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD) refers to a recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures. Research has shown that children with ODD and comorbid mood disorders may be at particular risk for long-term adverse outcomes, including conduct disorder. In this study, the authors examined the…