An active five-session, individualized treatment approach to the stopping of smoking is described. This approach emphasized the following: (a) the feedback, in and out of hypnosis, of the client's own reasons for quitting, (b) the visualization of both positive and negative smoking experiences meaningful to the client, (c) maintaining contact with…

A critique of the behavior modification technique of overcorrection, used primarily with mentally handicapped individuals to reduce undesirable forms of behavior, is presented. (BD)

Counseling is discussed as a model for future problem solving if the client is fully aware of what the process is and if he is given opportunities to participate by making suggestions and decisions along the way. The ultimate goal is for the client to become his own systems analyst and be fully in charge of his own destiny. (Author)

Discusses the question of whether overactive youngsters should receive medication for their condition. (GB)

Major findings were that: contingent reinforcement was effective in altering behavior; instructions did not augment the efficacy of contingent reinforcement; noncontingent reinforcement was effective for nondeviant students who were told that the reinforcement was actually contingent; and contingent reinforcement led to greater generalization than…

Fourteen leading behavioral scientists explore the relationship between environment and health with a focus on the following question: As we look at health care as people receive it in their communities and the realities of America today, what can we do to improve it?'' Philosophical, scientific issues discussed in round table fashion. (LK)

Although both genetic and situational factors are implicated in criminality, the thesis here is that the latter may well be more important and more frequently encountered than many criminologists have acknowledged to date. (JB)

The measurement of processes of learning and the evaluation of the outcomes of the teaching-learning process have always posed major problems in research design. One purpose of this paper is to provide investigators with a review of the methodological problems involved in planning and conducting such studies. (Author)

Examined effects of client elaboration of imagery during covert modeling treatment and effects of treatment of unassertiveness on self-efficacy. Covert modeling plus elaboration achieved greater change than other covert modeling groups. Treatment effects brought clients within range of subjects regarding themselves as adept in social situations…

Assumptions of applied behavior analysis are presented: (1) good practice should be good research; (2) behavioral goals, procedures, and effects should be socially validated; and (3) a systems perspective should be adopted when focusing on behavior analysis and intervention. (Author/JAC)

This article reviews 66 studies which used applied behavior analysis to change the behaviors of students with visual disabilities. It documents the participants, targeted behaviors, procedures used, outcomes, and follow-up. The article offers recommendations for future researchers on the selection of subjects, target behaviors, appropriate…

This literature review on antecedents, behaviors, and consequences in the noncompliant behavior of people with mental retardation found that noncompliance is more likely when instructions are vague or task demands are too difficult and that noncompliance responds well to programs utilizing combinations of social and tangible rewards. (Author/JDD)

Investigates the influence of two types of basic speech courses on behavior change. (MH)