In this criticism of an article by Herrnstein, B. F. Skinner notes that a science of behavior must deal with both phylogeny and ontogeny and that Herrnstein did not point toward a rapprochement in his article. (AM)

For journal availability, see EC 092 078.

A nurse involved with institutionalized retarded children analyzes the value of behavior modification and describes four behavior modification programs planned and carried out by nursing staff to modify food stealing, screaming at mealtimes, excessive requests for self assurance, and unitary incontinence. (CL)

Presented is a case study of a 19-year-old female with hydraencephaly (a condition marked by excessive accumulation of fluid in the cerebral ventricles) who was conditioned on three occasions to increase eyeblink rate with tactile reinforcement. (CL)

Clarifies behavior change objectives of marital partners, suggesting a four step treatment approach culminating in an exchange of positive responses on a reciprocal basis. Summarizes treatment of four couples complaining of low rate conversational and sexual behavior, stressing use of a token system as prosthesis facilitating transition to…

Over the course of eight months of almost continuous contact, relatively normal speaking patterns were generated. At a one year follow up, the subject's speech was indistinguishable from that of her classmates. (Author)

A total of 12 elementary school children participated in a study on the effect of percentage in variable amounts of reinforcement under several variable interval schedules. (MS)

This article focuses on the use of "timeout" as a classroom behavior modification technique. The questions and guidelines are presented in a flow chart format in order to facilitate easy and quick use by practitioners. (Author)

Problems and strategies in implementing classroom token economy systems as a means of behavior modification are reviewed. Discussed is the importance of such factors in the original token plan as the reinforcement schedule, and time-out procedures. Among implementation issues considered are observing and counting behaviors. (CL)

The research reported in this document was an attempt to replicate the study by Wish, Cautela, and Steffen, and to test the effects of covert reinforcement on overt behavior. The subjects were 50 college students who were presented the task of estimating the diameter of each circle in a series presented by slide projector. Pre- and post-treatment…

The bibliography presents approximately 70 citations (1958-1972) dealing with parents as behavior modifiers. Arranged alphabetically by author's name, the listings usually contain title, source, date, and pagination information. (CL)

Innovative models for education are often quickly adopted. Behavior modification, or operant conditioning, is an example of a technique which has been widely used because, when properly applied in the classroom, it "works." However, the application of a technique should be carefully thought through in terms of the meaning of the behavior in…