Although much is known about beginning readers using behavioural measures, real-time processes are still less clear. The present study examined eye movements (skipping rate, gaze, look back and second-pass duration) as a function of text-related (difficulty and word class) and student-related characteristics (word decoding, reading comprehension,…

The current study was designed to understand the development of comprehension monitoring among beginner readers from first to third grade, and to determine the extent to which first graders' comprehension monitoring predicts reading comprehension in grade three. Participants were 113 children (57% female) from four US states who were followed from…

This article finds that two aspects of phonological working memory, phonological coding and phonological recoding, appear to be important elements in the relationship between phonological working memory and phonological awareness. It suggests an approach to training in phonological awareness and reports an intervention study in which phonological…

Examines the interrelationships among different enabling skills among children in Latvian kindergartens, and considers how various enabling skills (phonemic awareness, naming, and short-term memory) contribute to explain unique variance in early reading acquisition. Concludes that phonemic awareness seems to be the paramount skill related to…

First and second graders studied words by means of a talking computer system that highlighted and pronounced orthographic units in words that were touched with a light pen. Results suggest that presenting words as wholes is at least as helpful for short-term learning as presenting them segmented. (LB)

The dependence of reading on speech is based on three assumptions: speech is the primary language system, acquired naturally without direct instruction; alphabetic writing systems are more or less phonetic representations of oral language; and speech appears to be an essential foundation for the acquisition of reading ability. By presupposing…