Creativity is a vital skill in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)-related education, fostering innovation and problem-solving. Traditionally, creativity assessments relied on human evaluations, such as the consensual assessment technique (CAT), which are resource-intensive, time-consuming, and often subjective. Recent…

With the generative artificial intelligence (AI) tool's remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating meaningful content, intriguing questions have been raised about its potential as an automated essay scoring (AES) system. One such tool is ChatGPT, which is capable of scoring any written work based on predefined criteria. However,…

Recent developments in the field of artificial intelligence allow for improved performance in the automated assessment of extended response items in mathematics, potentially allowing for the scoring of these items cheaply and at scale. This study details the grand prize-winning approach to developing large language models (LLMs) to automatically…

Evaluation is an essential component of the learning process when discerning learning situations. Assessing natural language responses, like short answers, takes time and effort. Artificial intelligence and natural language processing advancements have led to more studies on automatically grading short answers. In this review, we systematically…

Recent advances in AI have opened the door for the automated scoring of open-ended math problems, which were previously much more difficult to assess at scale. However, we know that biases still remain in some of these algorithms. For example, recent research on the automated scoring of student essays has shown that certain varieties of English…

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) is a well-studied problem in Natural Language Processing applied in education. Solutions vary from handcrafted linguistic features to large Transformer-based models, implying a significant effort in feature extraction and model implementation. We introduce a novel Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) pipeline…

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) is a well-studied problem in Natural Language Processing applied in education. Solutions vary from handcrafted linguistic features to large Transformer-based models, implying a significant effort in feature extraction and model implementation. We introduce a novel Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) pipeline…

The development of explanations for scientific phenomena is crucial in science assessment. However, the scoring of students' written explanations is a challenging and resource-intensive process. Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the potential to address these challenges, particularly when the explanations are written in English, an…

Automated writing evaluation (AWE) systems are developed based on interdisciplinary research and technological advances such as natural language processing, computer sciences, and latent semantic analysis. Despite a steady increase in research publications in this area, the results of AWE investigations are often mixed, and their validity may be…

Assessments of natural language can provide vast information about individuals' thoughts and cognitive process, but they often rely on time-intensive human scoring, deterring researchers from collecting these sources of data. Natural language processing (NLP) gives researchers the opportunity to implement automated textual analyses across a…

The effectiveness of feedback in enhancing learning outcomes is well documented within Educational Data Mining (EDM). Various prior research have explored methodologies to enhance the effectiveness of feedback to students in various ways. Recent developments in Large Language Models (LLMs) have extended their utility in enhancing automated…

Machine learning algorithms that automatically score scientific explanations can be used to measure students' conceptual understanding, identify gaps in their reasoning, and provide them with timely and individualized feedback. This paper presents the results of a study that uses Hebrew NLP to automatically score student explanations in Biology…

This study explores the efficacy of ChatGPT-3.5, an AI chatbot, used as an Automatic Essay Scoring (AES) system and feedback provider for IELTS essay preparation. It investigates the alignment between scores given by ChatGPT-3.5 and those assigned by official IELTS examiners to establish its reliability as an AES. It also identifies the strategies…

This paper presents a multidimensional model of variation in writing quality, register, and genre in student essays, trained and tested via confirmatory factor analysis of 1.37 million essay submissions to ETS' digital writing service, Criterion®. The model was also validated with several other corpora, which indicated that it provides a…

Automated scoring for divergent thinking (DT) seeks to overcome a key obstacle to creativity measurement: the effort, cost, and reliability of scoring open-ended tests. For a common test of DT, the Alternate Uses Task (AUT), the primary automated approach casts the problem as a semantic distance between a prompt and the resulting idea in a text…