Female undergraduates with low participation levels in mixed sex discussions received training in assertiveness. Pretest and posttest observations of the subjects' behavior suggested that the training was successful, and that lack of assertiveness in the presence of men, rather than lack of substantive knowledge, inhibited women's participation in…

The study described revealed gender differences in adolescents' patterns of overt and covert interpersonal social behaviors. Females' overt behaviors were more competent in terms of greater eye contact, situationally appropriate self-expressiveness, and adoption of independent stances. Males were more likely to respond in an inappropriately…

Male graduate students exhibited significantly more aggressiveness (interruptive behavior) than female students in both male and female professors' classes, although more male aggressiveness occurred in female professors' classes. Male students were more verbally assertive in female professors' classes only. Among students, aggressiveness was…

In this study, sex role differences are assessed in terms of interpersonal conflict. Results suggest that feminine persons disapprove of competition more than persons of masculine and androgynous sex role identification. (Author/WI)

Pre- and post-treatment measures of sex role orientation, assertiveness, and attainment of individual goals were obtained for 51 female participants. The one-year follow-up showed that the group subjected to principles of assertiveness training and consciousness raising were superior to the control group in androgyny, masculinity, and…

Essay questions, interviews, and personality inventories of 35 male and female college students revealed that the avoidance of sexist language was linked to less traditional sex role views and a lesser adherence to fundamentalist Christian beliefs. (DM)

Recent research on sex differences in aggressive styles is reviewed. The concept of indirect aggression in particular is presented and discussed, and it is argued that it is nonsensical to claim that males are more aggressive than females. A theory about development of aggressive behavior styles is presented. (SLD)

In this study, 111 college men and women were classified into masculine, feminine, androgynous and undifferentiated sex role categories. Subjects were tested for emotional expressivity, assertiveness, and personal integration. Androgynous subjects exhibited the greatest adaptability. (Author/WI)

Investigates undergraduate students' stereotypic expectations about female behavior related to role characteristics. Findings indicate that all females are expected to be maternal and assertive, but other characteristics vary. Results were inconclusive about which aspects of the stereotypes were normative. (FMW)

Interviewed adolescent girls regarding their images of motherhood. Respondents attached importance to mothers' traditional orientation and relational and self-assertive orientation. They expected to be moderately traditional themselves but more self-assertive and relational. They viewed ideal mothers as less traditional then themselves and more…