Pedagogical agents are virtual characters that instructional designers include in learning environments to help students learn. Research in the area has flourished for thirty years, yet there are still critical questions about the efficacy of pedagogical agents for influencing learning and affect. As such, we conducted an umbrella review to…

Constructionist pedagogies, emphasizing the hands-on creation of physical or virtual artifacts, have gained prominence in K-12 AI literacy education. Despite its growing importance, current empirical efforts remain fragmented across diverse settings, hindering a cohesive understanding of effective practices and theoretical foundations. This…

This study addresses the gap in understanding graduate students' sustained engagement behavior (SEB) with generative artificial intelligence (GAI) by integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT), and Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) into a comprehensive embedding model. It introduces the Technology…

As technology rapidly evolves, generative AI tools are increasingly integrated across various fields, including education. ChatGPT, a well-known language model developed by OpenAI, has gained significant importance in educational settings. This study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design and employed the Unified Theory of…

The use of generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI) to assist college students in their studies has become a trend. However, there is no academic consensus on whether Gen-AI can enhance the academic achievement of college students. Using a meta-analytic approach, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Gen-AI in improving the…

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) refers to systems that make AI models more transparent, helping users understand how outputs are generated. XAI algorithms are considered valuable in educational research, supporting outcomes like student success, trust, and motivation. Their potential to enhance transparency and reliability in online…

Given the ubiquity of artificial intelligence (AI), it is essential to empower students to become creators, designers, and producers of AI technologies, rather than limiting them to the role of informed consumers. To achieve this, learners need to be equipped with AI knowledge and concepts and develop AI literacy. Paradoxically, it is largely…

Following the launch of the generative AI Web application, Ask.SMILE, designed to evaluate the cognitive levels of questions asked, 2559 educators generated 25,973 question-feedback sets over a three-month period, with an average of over 10 questions per participant. Analyses revealed a significant improvement in question quality from initial…

While the majority of scholarly investigations concerning pedagogical behavior predominantly underscore verbal communication, the significance of nonverbal behavior remains inadequately examined. This research endeavors to propose a theoretical framework pertaining to educators' nonverbal communication and introduces two artificial…

There is a dearth of knowledge on how persuasiveness of influence strategies affects students' behaviours when using online educational systems. Persuasiveness is a term used in describing a system's capability to motivate desired behaviour. Most existing approaches for assessing the persuasiveness of a system are based on subjective measures…

The rapid evolution of AI technologies has reshaped our daily lives. As AI systems become increasingly prevalent, AI literacy, the ability to comprehend and engage with these technologies, becomes paramount in modern society. However, existing research has yet to establish a comprehensive framework for AI literacy. This study aims to fill this gap…

Notwithstanding the growing advantages of incorporating Augmented Reality (AR) in science education, the pedagogical use of AR combined with Pedagogical Agents (PAs) remains underexplored. Additionally, few studies have examined the integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) into science education to create GAI-enhanced PAs (GPAs)…

Corrective feedback plays a critical role in enhancing writing skills among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, but large class sizes often hinder the provision of personalized feedback. Generative AI tools such as ChatGPT have emerged as promising solutions that offer immediate and individualized feedback for writing. This study…

Pair Programming is considered an effective approach to programming education, but the synchronous collaboration of two programmers involves complex coordination, making this method difficult to be widely adopted in educational settings. Artificial Intelligence (AI) code-generation tools have outstanding capabilities in program generation and…

This study combines ChatGPT, Apple's Shortcuts, and LINE to create the ChatGPT-based Intelligent Learning Aid (CILA), aiming to enhance self-regulation progress and knowledge construction in blended learning. CILA offers real-time, convergent information to learners' inquiries, as opposed to traditional Google search engine that provide divergent…