Described is a study in which three instructional approaches were applied in second grade classes. Discussed are proportional materials, nonproportional materials, nonproportional materials with pictorial models. Findings, results, and recommendations are presented. (CW)

Presented are suggestions for increasing the efficient use of the transition board while reducing its overall size. Discussed are the construction and preparation of the boards. Teaching addition and subtraction using these materials is described. (CW)