Describes a pattern which emerged from an examination of the digits of the squares of numbers. Provides eight examples having the pattern at the units or tens digit of the number. (YP)

After briefly presenting possible origins for the use of the decimal system for counting and the duodecimal (base twelve) system for many measures, a notational scheme using six positive'' digits and six negative'' digits is presented. Examples and algorithms using this set of digits for operations with whole numbers, fractions, and in…

This is the first workbook-text in a two-part series written for deaf students. It is remedial in nature, aimed at the secondary level, and covers addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of whole numbers. The use of the number 10 in explaining the concepts presented is stressed throughout. For the second workbook, see SE 015 828, and…

This guide represents the final experimental version of a pilot project which was conducted in the United States between 1973 and 1976. The ideas and the manner of presentation are based on the works of Georges and Frederique Papy. They are recognized for having introduced colored arrow drawings ("papygrams") and models of our numeration…

The educational background of students termed "limited English proficient" (LEP) is discussed, with consideration of how that background might affect the LEP student's learning of arithmetic. Reasons why knowledge of background is important are first noted. Then examples of different ways to read and write numerals and differing subtraction and…

Facts are given about the ninth-century Arab mathematician Al-Khwarizmi, from whose name the word algorithm is derived. His influence on algebra and arithmetic are discussed. (MNS)

Presents several alternatives to customary algorithms for whole number arithmetic. Includes a brief history of each algorithm and discusses why each might be useful for particular kinds of children. (KHR)

This booklet was written to provide elementary-school teachers with an overview of some of the research results related to the development of computational skills, together with ideas for classroom activities which have grown out of research projects. The booklet is organized into twelve sections, the first of which is devoted to delineating the…

This guide continues instruction of the three guides in SE 012 723 and of the two guides included in SE 012 724. Counting skills, appreciation of pattern and order, and understanding of place value are extended to numbers up to one million, and the associative, commutative and distributive laws are made explicit. Manipulation of equations is…

Several subtraction algorithms are analyzed to see if they involve borrowing. The main focus is on an analysis of a procedure called the residue method. The operational arithmetic which underlies the symbolic manipulations is examined and conditions where the method does and does not use borrowing are highlighted. (MP)

PRODUCED AS PART OF A PROJECT FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF CLASSROOM TEACHING, THIS BOOK DISCUSSES THE BASIC CONCEPTS AND OPERATIONS OF ARITHMETIC WHICH ARE TAUGHT TO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS. THE CONCEPT OF A SET IS USED THROUGHOUT AS A BASIS FOR EXPLANATION, AND THE DISCUSSION STRESSES WAYS BY WHICH STUDENTS CAN BE BROUGHT TO UNDERSTAND THE…

Three alternative methods of finding averages of two numbers are presented. (MP)