Examined intraindividual and interindividual differences in self-esteem among 142 rural adolescents during a four-year period encompassing the transition to high school. Cluster analysis identified three distinct, divergent trajectories of self-esteem change from early to middle adolescence: (1) consistently high; (2) small increase; and (3)…

Asked adults and children ages 7 to 15 to detect changes in an unaccompanied drumbeat. Found significant differences in performance as a function of age when drumbeats fluctuated. Found musical training more influential than age when drumbeat was constant. Discusses a multiprocess model for the perception of tempo. (NL)

This study with 82 gifted males (grades 1-12) used a questionnaire which focused on self-confidence, perfectionism, relationships with parents, relationships with peers, hopelessness, and discouragement. Findings indicated a significantly higher level of discouragement and hopeless feeling for junior high school boys as compared with senior high…

Examined age differences in objectified body consciousness (OBC) based on cultural, developmental, and familial contexts of women's body experience in undergraduate women and their middle-aged mothers. Found that mothers scored lower on surveillance and body shame. Found no differences in appearance-control beliefs, body-esteem, or restricted…

The contributions of dating status, grade, gender, and family structure to the frequency and intensity of normative conflict and to behavioral autonomy were studied in 859 10th and 12th graders. The importance of focusing on developmental patterns as well as age in assessing adolescent conflict is highlighted by the findings. (SLD)

Researchers have found it difficult to measure various forms of indirect aggression, such as exclusion from groups, because such behaviors are difficult to observe in field settings such as school playgrounds. This study examined gender and developmental differences in aggression, investigated across-gender aggression, and looked at teachers'…

Formal guidance and counseling cases have been opened on 397 Indochinese adolescents between 11.5 and 16.5 years of age since mid-1987 as they passed through the Philippines for 18 weeks of training in English as a Second Language, U.S. culture, and mathematics, preparatory to entering the United States and U.S. secondary schools. Demographic data…

RESEARCH WAS FOCUSED ON THREE QUESTIONS--(1) TO WHAT DEGREE PARTICIPANTS UTILIZED CONFERENCE EXPERIENCE, (2) WHAT PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS DIFFERENTIATED CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS FROM NONPARTICIPANTS, AND (3) WHAT SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP EXISTED BETWEEN THESE CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONAL TRANSFER. DATA WERE PROVIDED ON 665 PARTICIPANTS…

Examined how preschoolers' experiences with mixed-age peers in family child care homes affect development. Found that interaction with younger and same-age peers was associated with less complex social and cognitive play and lower receptive language scores. Interaction with older peers was related to more complex cognitive play. The setting…

Developmental differences in the acquisition of information about strategy efficiency gleaned from observation of a peer model were assessed among 60 second and 60 seventh graders and 60 undergraduate students. At each age level, 20 subjects were randomly assigned to each of 3 experimental conditions. Developmental differences were considerable.…

Cross-sectional and longitudinal study of one- to six-year-olds in full-time child care assessed sequences and individual differences in development of social competence with peers. Study collects most extensive and varied data to date. Findings concern stability of individual differences, social classifications, influences of variations in…

Used the rational facet approach to examine the relationship between age and perceptions of subconstructs of prosocial behavior on the part of second, fourth, sixth, and eighth graders and adult teachers. Differentiation of subconstructs of prosocial behavior increased with age. (Author/BB)

Notes the increase in after-school programs for school-age children and discusses ways to meet the outdoor play needs of this age group. Stresses the need to recognize the unique physical, cognitive, and social needs of school-age children; offers suggestions for developing or modifying playgrounds to meet those needs. (TJQ)

This study assessed teachers' opinions about the promotion of immature children to first grade. A total of 224 teachers from private and public elementary schools in Mississippi completed a questionnaire that addressed such issues as the relation between maturity and readiness, repetition of kindergarten, academic and peer pressure, and the…

This paper describes a longitudinal comparative study of group and family day care for infants in New York City. Approximately 400 infants from low income, predominantly Black or Hispanic families enrolled in publicly or privately funded, community-sponsored day care programs participated in the study from the time they entered the programs…