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Sadeghi, Saeid; Shalani, Bita; Nejati, Vahid – Early Child Development and Care, 2022
The inhibitory control (IC) is one of the basic executive functions (EFs) that all other EFs are hierarchically perched on this ability. Current knowledge of IC development in the elementary school years is limited. In this study, three tasks; go/no-go task (response inhibition), flanker task (attentional inhibition), and circle-tracing time task…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Age Differences, Inhibition, Self Control
Ren, Zhi; Liang, Xiao; Sun, Fanhui; Wang, Lijuan – European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2023
Prospective memory (PM) is vital for children to live independently. Theoretical and empirical evidence has shown that executive function (EF) plays an important role in children's PM. However, there is no EF training for the PM of school-age children. Therefore, a 4-week EF training programme was conducted in this study to investigate the…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Memory, Transfer of Training, Children
DeMasi, Aaron; Berger, Sarah E. – Developmental Science, 2021
To examine the real-time process of strategy choice and execution and the role of inhibition in problem solving, 4- to 6-year-old children were asked to navigate a ball around a maze board under high- and low-precision motor demands. Employing a motor problem-solving task made normally hidden cognitive processes observable. Sequential analysis…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Inhibition, Problem Solving, Difficulty Level
Karr, Justin E.; Rodriguez, Josue E.; Goh, Patrick K.; Martel, Michelle M.; Rast, Philippe – Developmental Psychology, 2022
As a novel approach to conceptualizing executive functions, this study applied network analysis to a common battery of executive function tests administered to a sample covering the life span. Participants (N = 3,944; age: M = 20.8 years, SD = 19.6, range: 3-85; maternal/self education: M = 12.9 years, SD = 2.6; 53.3% girls/women, 46.7% boys/men;…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Cognitive Tests, Inhibition, Short Term Memory
Zhou, Vanessa; Wilson, Beverly J. – Early Child Development and Care, 2022
Inhibitory control (IC) ability in early childhood is associated with positive socioemotional, academic, and behavioural outcomes later in life. However, inhibitory control in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not well understood. We conducted a large, cross-sectional study comparing IC ability of young children with ASD and…
Descriptors: Child Behavior, Self Control, Inhibition, Autism Spectrum Disorders
Rattat, Anne-Claire; Chevalier, Nicolas – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2020
The present study investigated the role of executive functions in the development of two aspects of timing: temporal reproduction and comparison. Children aged 7 and 10 years and young adults were asked to either reproduce target durations (i.e., reproduction task) or judge the similarity of two target durations (i.e., comparison task). These…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Executive Function, Time, Children
Nelson, Timothy D.; James, Tiffany D.; Nelson, Jennifer Mize; Tomaso, Cara C.; Espy, Kimberly Andrews – Developmental Psychology, 2022
This study examined the factor structure of executive control throughout elementary school, as well as associations between executive control abilities in preschool and elementary school. Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of executive control development in a community sample of children (N = 294; 53% female, 47% male) oversampled for low…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Elementary School Students, Preschool Children, Predictor Variables
Zupan, Zorana; Blagrove, Elisabeth L.; Watson, Derrick G. – Developmental Psychology, 2023
By approximately 6 years of age, children can use time-based visual selection to ignore stationary stimuli, already in the visual field and prioritize the selection of newly arriving stimuli. This ability can be studied using preview search, a version of the visual search paradigm with an added temporal component, in which one set of distractors…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Visual Stimuli, Comparative Analysis, Adults
Weckesser, Lisa Juliane; Schmidt, Kornelius; Möschl, Marcus; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Enge, Sören; Miller, Robert – Developmental Psychology, 2021
Accidents caused by human errors illustrate the fragility of cognitive processing and its coordination by executive functions against stress. To better understand how core executive functions change over time, influence each other, and are affected by chronic stress exposure, a prospective cohort study was conducted from 2016 to 2019. Five hundred…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Stress Variables, Adults, Responses
Schulz, Daniel; Richter, Tobias; Schindler, Julia; Lenhard, Wolfgang; Mangold, Madlen – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2023
Inhibitory control is a core executive function that develops during childhood and is measured with tasks that require the inhibition of a dominant response. The current study examined the diagnostic value of using response accuracy and latency in a simple inhibitory control test, the computerized Pointing-Stroop Task (cPST), for kindergarten…
Descriptors: Kindergarten, Item Response Theory, Reaction Time, Inhibition
Kotowicz, Justyna; Woll, Bencie; Herman, Rosalind – Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 2023
The aim of this study is twofold: To examine if deafness is invariably associated with deficits in executive function (EF) and to investigate the relationship between sign language proficiency and EF in deaf children of deaf parents with early exposure to a sign language. It is also the first study of EF in children acquiring Polish Sign Language.…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Deafness, Correlation, Sign Language
Broomell, Alleyne P. R.; Savla, Jyoti; Calkins, Susan D.; Bell, Martha Ann – Developmental Psychology, 2021
Social cognition is a set of complex processes that mediate much of human behavior. The development of these skills is related to and interdependent on other cognitive processes, particularly inhibitory control. Brain regions associated with inhibitory control and social cognition overlap functionally and structurally, especially with respect to…
Descriptors: Infants, Social Cognition, Diagnostic Tests, Inhibition
Esplin, Jacob A.; Berghout Austin, Ann M.; Blevins-Knabe, Belinda; Neilson, Brionne G.; Corwyn, Robert F. – Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 2021
This longitudinal study examined the relationship between executive function (EF) and mathematics with rural and urban preschool children. A panel of direct and indirect EF measures were used to compare how well individual measures, as well as analytic approaches, predicted both numeracy and geometry skill. One hundred eighteen children, ages 39…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Rural Urban Differences, Executive Function, Mathematics Skills
Jacquelyn E. Stephens; David B. Rompilla Jr.; Emily F. Hittner; Vijay A. Mittal; Claudia M. Haase – Grantee Submission, 2023
When confronted with an emotion prototype (e.g., loss), individuals may experience not only target emotions (e.g., sadness), but also nontarget emotions (emotions that are atypical or incongruent with an emotion prototype; e.g., gratitude in response to loss). What are the cognitive correlates of nontarget emotions? Drawing from models of emotion…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Correlation, Emotional Response, Short Term Memory
Martins, Eva Costa; Marcu?, Oana; Leal, Juliana; Visu-Petra, Laura – Early Child Development and Care, 2020
Affective flexibility (AF) is the ability to alternate between processing emotional and non-emotional information. This hot executive function has been understudied during early development. The first aim of our investigation was to generate preliminary construct validity evidence for a new measure of AF: the Emotional Flexible Item Selection Task…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Preschool Children, Emotional Response, Predictor Variables