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Saryazdi, Raheleh; Nuque, Joanne; Chambers, Craig G. – Cognitive Science, 2022
Redundant modifiers can facilitate referential interpretation by narrowing attention to intended referents. This is intriguing because, on traditional accounts, redundancy should impair comprehension. Little is known, however, about the effects of redundancy on older adults' comprehension. Older adults may show different patterns due to…
Descriptors: Memory, Language Processing, Age Differences, Psycholinguistics
Simms, Nina K.; Richland, Lindsey E. – Cognitive Science, 2019
Relational reasoning is a hallmark of human higher cognition and creativity, yet it is notoriously difficult to encourage in abstract tasks, even in adults. Generally, young children initially focus more on objects, but with age become more focused on relations. While prerequisite knowledge and cognitive resource maturation partially explains this…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, Schemata (Cognition), Age Differences, Correlation
Sullivan, Jessica; Boucher, Juliana; Kiefer, Reina J.; Williams, Katherine; Barner, David – Cognitive Science, 2019
Word learning depends critically on the use of linguistic context to constrain the likely meanings of words. However, the mechanisms by which children infer word meaning from linguistic context are still poorly understood. In this study, we asked whether adults (n = 58) and 2- to 6-year-old children (n = 180) use discourse coherence relations…
Descriptors: Cues, Linguistic Theory, Discourse Analysis, Toddlers
Samuel, Steven; Roehr-Brackin, Karen; Pak, Hyensou; Kim, Hyunji – Cognitive Science, 2018
The bilingual advantage hypothesis contends that the management of two languages in the brain is carried out through domain-general mechanisms, and that bilinguals possess a performance advantage over monolinguals on (nonlinguistic) tasks that tap these processes. Presently, there is evidence both for and against such an advantage. Interestingly,…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Linguistic Theory, Language Processing, Cognitive Ability
Janciauskas, Marius; Chang, Franklin – Cognitive Science, 2018
Language learning requires linguistic input, but several studies have found that knowledge of second language (L2) rules does not seem to improve with more language exposure (e.g., Johnson & Newport, 1989). One reason for this is that previous studies did not factor out variation due to the different rules tested. To examine this issue, we…
Descriptors: Linguistic Input, Second Language Learning, Age Differences, Syntax
Dagerman, Karen Stevens; MacDonald, Maryellen C.; Harm, Michael W. – Cognitive Science, 2006
Older and younger adults' abilities to use context information rapidly during ambiguity resolution were investigated. In Experiments 1 and 2, younger and older adults heard ambiguous words (e.g., fires) in sentences where the preceding context supported either the less frequent or more frequent meaning of the word. Both age groups showed good…
Descriptors: Young Adults, Older Adults, Sentences, Simulation