The relation between mathematical achievement in early childhood and future academic success is well established. However, the effect of instruction on mathematical performance is less well-documented and often reliant upon self-report instruction measures and standardized achievement measures. Therefore, this study seeks to use observational data…

Research and curriculum development projects have investigated ways to make teaching and learning basic facts easier. Reseach results and implications from four major projects are presented. Ten specific guidelines are then given and illustrated by examples from addition. Modifying instructional sequence and matching learning tasks with learning…

Two mnemonic acronyms can help learning-disabled children remember to complete the necessary steps for regrouping in addition and subtraction. (DB)

One of the most important concepts in the first grade math curriculum is learning addition facts. In schools today, teachers use many different methods to teach addition and subtraction concepts and the memorization of basic facts. A new movement in education advocates using movement to aid in rote memory of facts. In this project the researcher…

The document presents a criterion referenced test of basic math skills, including division, multiplication, addition, subtraction, fractions, decimals, time, and measurement. (DLS)

This study explored the effects of visual (vertical and horizontal) and oral presentation modes upon simple mathematical computations (addition, subtraction, and multiplication). Seventy-two undergraduate education majors were employed as subjects. The placement of the process sign (left, middle, right) and whether a one or two digit number…

The effect of instruction in addition and subtraction concepts and skills on the processes first-grade pupils use to solve verbal problems was studied. Children represented solutions in individual interviews. Results indicated pupils shifted from a concrete direct modeling approach to a more unified conception that incorporated symbolic…

Calculator use by kindergarten and first-grade pupils was examined to see whether they could perceive and use the "counter button." Results indicated pupils at this age could use calculators as a tool, and further research is encouraged. (MP)

Motivation for practicing basic arithmetic skills is provided by activities based on dart board games. There activities also require participants to devise winning strategies, adding enrichment to the game-type drills. (JP)

The four studies reported in this document deal with aspects of assessing students' performance on computational skills. The first study grew out of a need for an instrument to measure students' speed at recalling addition facts. This had seemed to be a very easy task, but it proved to be much more difficult than anticipated. The second study grew…

The purposes of this paper are to present research related to the development of new instructional games (named Survivor's Games), and measure the effectiveness of these games to help students (K-5) master basic fact operations (single-digit additions or factor and single- or double digit sums or products), stimulate the exploration of…

The author describes an experiment to compare performance of grade 1-3 children on the various types of open sentence associated with basic number facts, and suggests some explanations for the results obtained. (MM)

Presented is a paradigm for teaching basic and semibasic arithmetic facts to children with arithmetic difficulties, in which the student progresses from the use of concrete materials such as blocks, to the use of diagrams such as tally marks, to a reasoning process, to responding in an automatic manner. (DLS)

The goal was to help 7- and 8-year olds develop computational skills in addition and subtraction. Experimental groups received instruction emphasizing mathematical structure while control groups worked on drill activities. Results showed that emphasizing structure facilitated the development of number concepts, place value, and computational…

The use of pictures in the early instruction of doubles in basic addition is promoted. The process used in the Illinois University Mathematics Learning Clinic is detailed. Doubles are seen to be among the easy facts that children are capable of learning first. (MP)