A literature review on formative feedback and problem and project-based learning was conducted to determine a conceptual relationship between the two processes. This review resulted in the development of a conceptual model that is designed to guide instructional designers to integrate effective feed-up, feedback and feed-forward in the design and…

Though teacher education has long been considered a "weak intervention" (Richardson, 1996), inquiry into the effects of stronger, sustained models of preparation have been lacking, particularly in literacy education. In this longitudinal study, we traced a set of novice teacher candidates from their initial training in inquiry-based…