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Zhao, Wanlin; Li, Baike; Shanks, David R.; Zhao, Wenbo; Zheng, Jun; Hu, Xiao; Su, Ningxin; Fan, Tian; Yin, Yue; Luo, Liang; Yang, Chunliang – Child Development, 2022
Recent studies established that making concurrent judgments of learning (JOLs) can significantly alter (typically enhance) memory itself--a "reactivity" effect. The current study recruited 190 Chinese children (M[subscript age] = 8.68 years; 101 female) in 2020 and 2021 to explore the reactivity effect on children's learning, its…
Descriptors: Evaluative Thinking, Memory, Metacognition, Children
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Atance, Cristina M.; Caza, Julian S. – Developmental Psychology, 2018
An important aspect of perspective-taking ability is the appreciation that mental states such as beliefs, desires, and knowledge change over time. The current study focused specifically on 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds' understanding that they will have knowledge in the future that they do not currently possess--for example, that when they are…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Evaluative Thinking, Knowledge Level, Change
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Voskuilen, Chelsea; Ratcliff, Roger; McKoon, Gail – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
We examined the effects of aging on performance in an item-recognition experiment with confidence judgments. A model for confidence judgments and response time (RTs; Ratcliff & Starns, 2013) was used to fit a large amount of data from a new sample of older adults and a previously reported sample of younger adults. This model of confidence…
Descriptors: Aging (Individuals), Recognition (Psychology), Familiarity, Metacognition