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Alexander, Karl L.; And Others – 1994
This book describes the context of school retention and evaluates its effects by tracking the experiences of a large representative sample of Baltimore (Maryland) school children from first grade through middle school. The first chapter is a discussion of major issues of retention such as: (1) why the topic is often pushed aside in schools; (2)…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Failure, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students
Shepard, Lorrie A., Ed.; Smith, Mary Lee, Ed. – 1989
This book on the topic of flunking and grade retention comprises the following articles: (1) "Introduction and Overview" (Lorrie A. Shepard and Mary Lee Smith); (2) "Grade Level Retention Effects: A Meta-Analysis of Research Studies" (C. Thomas Holmes); (3) "Repeating and Dropping Out of School" (James B. Grissom and Lorrie A. Shepard); (4) "A…
Descriptors: Academic Failure, Dropouts, Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education
Grant, Jim – 1997
What should educators do with students who do not meet standards? Ideas and strategies that educators can use to answer this question are outlined in this book. Rather than relying on forced social promotion, schools can and should offer students a variety of helpful options, such as remaining in the same classroom with the same teacher for…
Descriptors: Academic Failure, Adolescents, Children, Developmental Delays
