We present a theory explaining the impact of ability tracking on academic performance based on grading policies. Our model distinguishes between initial ability, which is mainly determined by parental background, and eagerness to learn. We show that achievements of low ability students may be higher in a comprehensive school system, even if there…

Each state has the opportunity to participate in Title III of the Goals 2000 Act. To participate, the state must have or develop a comprehensive strategy for improving education on the basis of clear and challenging standards. To assist the states, the Council of Chief State School Officers has prepared this report of baseline information for each…