It is argued that research on the nature of classroom interaction and on the relationships between such interaction and student outcome measures must use the student rather than the class mean as the basic unit of analysis. This is due to a number of factors: (a) students in the same classroom, no matter how homogeneous, show great individual…

This study was concerned with investigating patterns of verbal interaction of teachers and students who were matched and mismatched in field dependent and field independent cognitive styles. The first objective was to answer the general research question: Is there a difference in the patterns of dyadic classroom interaction when the teacher and…

Assuming that pupil involvement in academic learning activities (involved time) is a behavioral indicator of pupil learning, this study examined two context variables (subject area, day of the week) one instructional variable (activity format) and one pupil variable (previous achievement growth) in relation to pupil involved time. Individual pupil…

Four general problems (two substantive, two methodological) were addressed in a research project: (1) Does the nature of the pupil or the setting make a difference in the teaching style which is most effective? (2) Does the cognitive level of the learning objective make a difference? (3) How can relationships within the classroom be analyzed? and…