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Peer reviewedPfouts, Jane H. – Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1980
Very close age spacing was an obstacle to high academic performance for later borns. In family relations and self-esteem, first borns scored better and performed in school as well as their potentially much more able younger siblings, regardless of age spacing. (Author)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Age Differences, Birth Order, Family Influence
Peer reviewedAdams, Russel L.; Phillips, Beeman N. – Child Development, 1972
When differences in level of motivation were controlled, all of the previously found differences between firstborn and later born disappeared. (Authors)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Birth Order, Comparative Analysis, Elementary School Students
Peer reviewedCicirelli, Victor G. – Review of Educational Research, 1978
Research on sibling influence on intellectual ability has shown that academic ability and achievement decrease as family size increases and as spacing between siblings decreases. Research also suggests a relationship between sex of subject and of sibling, and age differences in the effects of birth order and sibling sex. (JAC)
Descriptors: Academic Ability, Academic Achievement, Birth Order, Family Characteristics
Peer reviewedSvanum, Soren; Bringle, Robert G. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1980
The confluence model of cognitive development was tested on 7,060 children. Family size, sibling order within family sizes, and hypothesized age-dependent effects were tested. Findings indicated an inverse relationship between family size and the cognitive measures; age-dependent effects and other confluence variables were found to be…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Age Differences, Birth Order, Cognitive Development
