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Terai, Masato; Yamashita, Junko; Pasich, Kelly E. – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2021
In paired-associate learning, there are two learning directions: L2 to L1 (L2 words as stimuli and L1 words as responses) and L1 to L2 (L1 words as stimuli and L2 words as responses). Results of previous studies that compared the effects of the two learning directions are not consistent. We speculated that the cause of this inconsistency may be L2…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Vocabulary Development, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction