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Charkova, Krassimira D.; Halliday, Laura J. – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2011
This study examined how English learners in second-language (SL) and foreign-language (FL) contexts employ tense backshifting in indirect reported speech. Participants included 35 international students in the United States, 37 Bulgarian speakers of English, 38 Bosnian speakers of English, and 41 native English speakers. The instrument involved…
Descriptors: Language Variation, Semantics, Morphemes, Second Language Learning