Although the roles of Archie Bunker and Ralph Cramden were quite similar, those of Edith Bunker and Alice Cramden in their reactions to similar strong personalities were quite different. Results suggest that one's role depends on individual personality structure and personality structures of group members. (Author)

Examines the role of interpersonal needs for control and affection in influencing members' attitudinal reactions to the trainer and the group. Results indicate no support for the two-stage, authority-intimacy sequence suggested by much of the research on group development. (Author)

Step-group therapy is a program designed to help adult impatients increase their interpersonal communications skills. Using microcounseling formats, psychiatric patients have been taught the skills of eye contact, verbal following, relaxed pasture and eventually, the use of feedback and self-disclosure. (Author)

The willingness to manipulate others has been called Machiavellianism. The purpose of the present study was to acquire a preliminary answer to the question: what verbal communicative strategies do people with high Machiavellian characteristics employ which permit them to influence and control the group process? (Author)

This report deals with the measurement of personality changes employing two modes of statistical treatment of data derived from two modes of group confrontation procedures. One group met for 12 weekly three-hour sessions. The other group met in an intensive group confrontation procedure for a continuous 38-hour session. (Author)

The author critically analyzes the following assumptions underlying group work: groups follow certain regularities; groups are wiser than anyone or any minority of individuals; groups are not affected by the past of their members; groups are democratically run; and groups operate on the idea that whatever exists is beneficial to all. (SE)

This paper uses the Interpersonal Perception Method (IPM) to analyze a single episode in a group's experience. The authors feel that such an approach is much more useful than the more usual trait analysis in understanding those experiences which will mediate the group's functioning. (NG)

This article reports the results of a study which sought to analyze and explain the selection of particular individuals for leadership roles by members of their work group. The authors find four factors important in peer leadership: task leadership, maturity, social influence, and flexibility. (NG)

This study sought to explore the pattern of self-disclosure in parent discussion groups. Subjects were 16 parents. Patterns of self-disclosure to occur contiguously, suggesting that reciprocity in self-disclosure is a general phenomenon operating in a variety of group settings. (NG)

This study evaluated behavior change occurring after a marathon group experience, with a focus on individualized rather than shared behavioral change criteria. The individualization of behavior change criteria is based on the assertion that few, if any, single change criteria are appropriate or realistic for assessing change in all individuals.…

To assess two group models being developed in the Mental Health Study Center, NIMH, this paper compares HIM data from these models with norms from a previous study. By contrasting HIM results from groups of married couples, young adolescents, and parents and teachers, one obtains a better understanding of the effectiveness of these models. (Author)

Leadership style significantly affects the quantity and quality of group interaction. The personality of individuals in a group will be related to the amount and type of interaction that an individual emits in a group, to the satisfaction that a person reports about the group, and to his socio-political subculture. (Author)

This study compared the effectiveness of facilitator-directed and self-directed personal growth group treatments toward inducing therapeutic verbal interaction. An interaction process analysis approach, the Hill Interaction Matrix (HIM) statement-by-statement system, was used to examine treatment differences. (Author)

Analyzed contrasting assumptions of three theoretical orientations used to explain mixed-sex small group interaction through observation of two mixed-sex, human relations training groups of undergraduate students (N=45). Found no support for sex-role differentiation or adaptation orientations but did find support for role-status expectation…

The role of feedback in T-groups was studied. Results indicate that feedback increases as T-groups progress, feedback is more emotional and non-evaluative than cognitive in nature, positive and direct feedback to the leaders increases as the group develops, and specific feedback between members increases as groups progress. (SE)