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Holloway, Susan D. – Review of Educational Research, 1988
A research review of ability and effort studies in the United States and Japan finds: (1) effort considered the primary determinant of achievement in Japan; (2) different concepts; and (3) the Japanese fostering task involvement through cooperation. Social structure may account for the attributional patterns of Japanese children. (SLD)
Descriptors: Ability, Academic Achievement, Attribution Theory, Comparative Analysis