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Analytic Smoothing for Equipercentile Equating under the Common Item Nonequivalent Populations Design.
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Kolen, Michael J.; Jarjoura, David – Psychometrika, 1987
A cubic spline method for smoothing equipercentile equating relationships under the common item nonequivalent populations design is described. Statistical techniques based on bootstrap estimation are presented for choosing an equating method/degree of smoothing. Smoothing decreases the estimate of random error but results in an increase in…
Descriptors: Analysis of Variance, Equated Scores, Error of Measurement, Estimation (Mathematics)
Maximum Likelihood Methods in Treating Outliers and Symmetrically Heavy-Tailed Distributions for Nonlinear Structural Equation Models with Missing Data
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Lee, Sik-Yum; Xia, Ye-Mao – Psychometrika, 2006
By means of more than a dozen user friendly packages, structural equation models (SEMs) are widely used in behavioral, education, social, and psychological research. As the underlying theory and methods in these packages are vulnerable to outliers and distributions with longer-than-normal tails, a fundamental problem in the field is the…
Descriptors: Maximum Likelihood Statistics, Statistical Distributions, Structural Equation Models, Robustness (Statistics)