Objective: To test if intercollegiate athlete status moderates various alcohol and marijuana use relationships in a large college student sample. Participants: Students (n = 9,594, 58% White, 66% female, 8% athletes) from 16 four-year and 4 two-year public institutions in the Northeast were surveyed in Fall 2019. Method: An anonymous, web-based survey included questions about alcohol use, legal and illegal drug use, and associated consequences. Results: Athlete status did not moderate the relationship between alcohol use and marijuana use, alcohol use and simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use, marijuana use and marijuana consequences, and SAM use and negative consequences. Conclusions: Findings suggest there may be similarities in athlete and nonathlete marijuana use as it relates to high-risk drinking and consequences experienced. Alternative approaches to studying athlete substance use behaviors and policy implications are discussed. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]