Computer science instructors typically have many responsibilities, such as creating material, delivering lectures, clarifying student questions, and grading student deliverables, while the demand for computer science education has been increasing. Handling all of these responsibilities is challenging in itself. However, it is made worse when…

This study examined the effects of manipulating the modality (text-only, voice-only, voice+text) of a tutorial and restriction (restricted vs. unrestricted) of a simulation's interface on retention and transfer of tutorial content. The tutorial prepared novice students to use Packet Tracer, a simulation developed by Cisco that teaches network…