Uncertainty occurs when there is more than one realization that can represent an information. This dissertation concerns merely discrete realizations of an uncertainty. Different interpretations of an uncertainty and their relationships are addressed when the uncertainty is not a probability of each realization. A well known model that can handle…

Considering the range of changes in the instruction and learning of statistics, several questions emerge regarding how those changes influence students' attitudes. Equally, other questions emerge to reflect that statistics is a fundamental course in the university academic programs because of its relevance to the professional development of the…

In the modern world, higher education is transitioning from enrollment mode to recruitment mode. This shift paved the way for institutional research and policy making from historical data perspective. More and more universities in the U.S. are implementing and using enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, which collect vast amounts of data.…