College students who do not successfully complete undergraduate studies by obtaining bachelor's degrees have much lower average lifetime earnings than college students who do obtain bachelor's degrees. Research suggests that one of the primary reasons for students dropping out or flunking out of undergraduate school is excessive substance use.…

The college choice requires the adolescent to gather and synthesize vast amounts of information, reconcile sometimes competing personal and familial goals, and manage a range of emotions. This decision process represents a major developmental crisis with which the adolescent must cope. Scholars have noted that psychological strain and heightened…