For some athletes, dealing with pain is an everyday problem and can have a lasting impact long after their athletic careers. Athletes will use prescribed opioids and others will use alcohol or more illicit drugs such as cocaine or heroin for pain management. These drugs can be highly addictive and can lead to long term social, physical, emotional,…

Although many student-athletes find participation in college sports rewarding, there are many who experience difficulties. Student-athletes face the same concerns that nonathletes do which include becoming independent, coping with uncertainty, finding a clear purpose, and clarifying values (Astin, 1977; Chickering, 1969; Farnsworth, 1966;…

A sample of 656 undergraduate students from multiple sections of an introductory nutrition course, a personal health course, and a physical fitness course at a large Midwestern University completed one of four surveys. Using matrix sampling, each participant completed a survey measuring one of four personal and social competence constructs; coping…