At Grand Intermediate School, teachers work with a large population of English language learners (ELL). The teachers were all trained to use the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol Model (Echevarria, Vogt, and Short, 2017) to help ELL students increase their English fluency and succeed academically. The instructional strategies in place,…

According to Boo et al. (2015), between 2005 and 2014, the majority of L2 motivation studies focused on general learner motivation, neglecting research on motivating learners in classroom contexts. Similarly, Sudina (2021) stated that most research on motivation focused on students' individual motivation, even though what teachers do to motivate…

Current literature on dual language programs is focused at the elementary school level, while research at the secondary level remains sparse. Hence, this study addresses the literature gap by considering the impact of school organization and instruction on these programs. Specifically, this collective case study examines the effective features of…