This study explores using transfer learning in machine learning for natural language processing (NLP) to create generic automated essay scoring (AES) models, providing instant online scoring for statewide writing assessments in K-12 education. The goal is to develop an instant online scorer that is generalizable to any prompt, addressing the…

Literacy is moving into the digital context. Many of the literacy tasks associated with higher education, the workplace, and civic life now take place in the digital world. Literacy in high school, however, languishes in the text world. This study compared the text literacy of a group of high-achieving 10th-grade students, to their digital…

The primary goal of this study was to examine the relationship between deaf and hard-of-hearing students' learning style preferences and compare them to their nondeaf peers. Specifically, this study used 90 students throughout western Washington State, 45 per group. Quantitative data were collected using the 104-question survey Learning Style…