This research focuses on the importance of increasing women's education as a result of Universal Primary Education and its further impact on improving children's health and educational access in Tanzania. The study uses data from the 2007 Demographic Health Survey for empirical analysis and it is informed by the historical accounts of the Universal Primary Education reform in 1977-78. Empirically, we analyse differences in under 5 mortality and educational access for children of different cohorts of women. Our results show clear gains in reducing child mortality and improving educational access for children of mothers who experienced education a few years after the peak of the 1977-78 UPE reform, that is, once the system could cope with the massive increase in participation and the potential tradeoff between quality and quantity of education. (Contains 4 figures and 3 tables.)