College students' developmental stages affect their capacities to comprehend and absorb difficult texts and moral problems embedded in them, and faculty should teach accordingly. Interpersonal subjective transactions between teacher and student, the latter of whose identity is in flux, can result in transformations for both. (Author/MSE)

Student violations of behavior norms affect the learning of others, the teaching of the instructor, and the atmosphere of the classroom.

A racial identity development model for African-American and white college students is presented. It consists of five developmental stages (naive, acceptance, resistance, redefinition, internalization) and separate descriptions of the nature of each stage for African Americans and whites. Implications for teaching and administration are discussed.…