The University of Toledo has applied a systems approach to the design of an academic program evaluation model. The systems approach seems to be the most appropriate because it emphasizes the whole system instead of component systems. Selected evaluation models are reviewed, Toledo's research paradigm is described, and the function of a university…

Colleges and universities, it is suggested, can enhance their effectiveness by adopting a systems approach to organizing, planning, decision-making, and evaluating. A decentralized, participative model that emphasizes systematic planning and management by objectives is presented. (Author/MLW)

Improved management systems can be developed for colleges and universities if assumptions are correct and a well-defined process is used. A life-cycle approach is suggested whose subsystems and implementation at Augsburg College, a small private liberal arts institution, are described. (LBH)

A management planning model developed by Furman University is described. The model is a decentralized participative approach to institutional governance that stresses decision-making based on use of appropriate research and allocation of resources based on management by objectives. (MLW)